Difference between revisions of "LTI Glossary"
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Revision as of 09:14, 30 April 2014
LTI Wiki → LTI Guidelines → Our Methodology | English Guidelines | Quick Reference Guidelines | Glossary(edit)
This is an archive of an older glossary. Please refer to the up-to-date glossary avalable in this google spreadsheet document |
This page is used to compile those words used in our materials that cause difficulties during translations. Please note that, in the English language, many meanings depend on the context in which the word or phrase is used.
Portuguese Glossary [1]
Entry layout
- Term or phrase (what needs defining?)
- Definitions (Define it once for each contextual use)
- Synonyms (provide alternative words or phrases that provide the same contextual info)
- Team chosen translation of term or phrase (include this in your individual language glossaries, not here)
Suggestion for the appearance of the wiki page: It would significantly reduce the length of the page if all the translated terms can be hidden by default (especially when we collect more translations in there). They can be shown when a button under the respective definition is pressed. Does anybody know how to do this?] We can try a method used in HTML, but I have a strong feeling it won't work properly. Other options include tabs or the use of the translation system built into wiki (creates separate pages for each language). Please drop in the link to the wiki page here so I can experiment a bit. - Ray
Language teams should pay attention to the context and the intended meaning because while "aberrant" is used more often, "abhorent" is more suitable because it is more understandable.
Glossary
- Aberrant Vs Abhorent
- Anything less
- Spanish - Conformarse con menos. (Esto es para cuando hablan de "anything less will result in the same problems we see today").
- Arrive at decisions
- In advocation of
- In support of
- Belt
- Spanish - cinturón. (Agricultural belt, production belt, etc.).
- Biosocial theory
- Theory in behavioral and social science that suggests the attribution of disorders of personality and conditions of mind to the reaction of biologically determined personality traits to environmental stimuli.
- Boom and bust
- A great buildup in the price of a particular commodity or, alternately, the localized rise in an economy, often based upon the value of a single commodity, followed by a downturn as the commodity price falls due to a change in economic circumstances or the collapse of unrealistic expectations.
- Finnish - nousu- ja laskusuhdanne
- Carrying capacity
- Finnish - kantokyky
- Spanish - capacidad de carga [2]
- Common heritage
- Finnish - yhteinen perintö
- Spanish - Patrimonio común
- Competition
- Spanish - Competición."Competencia" se refiere más a lo competente que es una persona.
- Comprehensive
- Spanish - survey/report = exhaustivo, global; view = integral, de conjunto; list/range = completo; insurance/cover = contra todo riesgo
- Comprehension
- Spanish - Comprensión (comprensivo es referente a understanding)
- Corporatocracy
- A ruling class determined by corporations rather than political entities
- Finnish - korporatokratia
- Spanish - corporatocracia
- Crime, criminal
- Spanish - Tienen dos significados en español. 1. Delincuencia, delincuente, en los textos que traducimos casi siempre el significado es éste. 2. Crimen, criminal = asesinato, asesino
- Cybernation
- Allowing technology (computers) to control various aspects of society [I think this is SocioCyberneering]
- Wedding of computerization with machine automation
- Finnish - tietokoneistaminen
- Spanish - Cibernetización.
- City systems
- Spanish - Sistemas urbanas
- Deprivation
- Spanish - Privación. (¡Cuidado!, no es lo mismo que depravado).
- Desalinization
- Removing salt from water
- Designed
- Finnish - suunniteltu
- Development track
- Spanish - trayectoria evolutiva.
- Dumbing down
- The process of making people less intelligent through a lack of decent education, TV programmes with stupid topics, overdoses of hero worship to pop stars and sports figures, etc.
- Spanish - atontamiento
- Finnish - tyhmentäminen
- Spanish - atontamiento, estupidización.
- Efficient
- Spanish - eficiente (si se refiere a personas), eficaz (si se refiere a máquinas, sistema, etc.)
- Emergency contingency department
- Established [system/institution/power]
- Establishment
- Spanish - el establishment, la clase dirigente (en caso de verlo, el consenso es dejar en ingles establishment)
- Eventually
- Spanish - finalmente, al final.
- Feedback
- Spanish - el consenso es dejar esta palabra técnica en inglés a menos que se aplique claramente: respuesta, retroalimentación.
- Fiat money
- Spanish - dinero fiat [3]
- Fractional reserve banking system
- Spanish - sistema bancario de reserva fraccionaria.
- Geothermal power
- power extracted from heat stored in the earth.
- Finnish - maalämpö,geoterminen energia
- Heat concentrator
- High-rise
- Hydroponic
- method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.
- Finnish - vesiviljely
- Interdisciplinary teams
- An interdisciplinary field is a field of study that crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions have emerged.
- Finnish - monitieteelliset valvontaryhmät
- Life base
- Spanish - base vital
- Market system
- Spanish - sistema de mercado.
- Matter of degree
- Methodology
- Methodology may be a description of process, or may be expanded to include a philosophically coherent collection of theories, concepts or ideas as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry.
- Finnish - menetelmäoppi, metodologia tai metodiikka
- Money-sequence (term coined by John McMurtry that Peter is now using too)
- Nature vs. nurture
- The nature versus nurture debates concern the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities ("nature", i.e. nativism, or innatism) versus personal experiences ("nurture", i.e. empiricism or behaviorism) in determining or causing individual differences in physical and behavioral traits.
- Finnish - perintötekijät vs. ympäristötekijät
- Greek - φύσις καὶ ἕξις [Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics]
- Neural Darwinism
- Spanish - darwinismo neural.
- Nucleation
- Nucleation normally occurs at nucleation sites on surfaces contacting the liquid or vapor.
- Finnish - Nukleaatio, ydintyminen
- People
- Spanish - personas
- Photovoltaics
- A method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.
- Finnish - aurinkopaneelit
- Planned obsolescence
- Product design that causes items to wear out or break faster than necessary, so the customer is forced to make duplicate purchases
- Finnish - suunniteltu lyhytikäisyys
- French - l'obsolescence planifiée
- Spanish - obsolescencia planificada
- Prefabricated
- Profit Motive
- Anything that a business does to increase profits at the expense of the customer
- Specifying that the motivation for a given action comes from the pursuit of profit
- Spanish - lucro
- Provide
- Spanish - Hay que tener cuidado entre proveer y proporcionar. Consultar la RAE en todo caso.
- Reasonable or logical ("The solutions to our problems will not come about through the application of reason or logic. Unfortunately, at present we do not live in a reasonable or logical world")
- Recall memory
- Spanish - recuerdos
- Resource Based Economy (also Resource-Based Economy)
- If there is no word or phrase that means 'Resource-based' within your language, we should probably introduce the English term as a new concept
- Spanish - Economia Basada en Recursos
- Finnish - resurssipohjainen talous
- French - Une économie de ressources
- Scientific method
- A scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.
- Finnish - tieteellinen menetelmä
- Semantics
- Study of meaning, usually in language.
- Finnish - merkitysoppi
- French - La sémantique
- Shape memory material
- An alloy that "remembers" its original, cold-forged shape: returning the pre-deformed shape by heating.
- Finnish - muotomuistimateriaali
- Structural motivation
- Stylized architectural conceptualizations
- Sustainable
- Able to be replaced/recycled as fast as it is used
- In accordance with the capacity of the systems on which it is dependant
- In equilibrium with basic ecological support systems
- Spanish - sostenible (desarrollo sostenible)
- Finnish - kestävä
- Systems approach
- Spanish - enfoque sistémico
- Steady state-economy
- Spanish - economía estacionaria
- "Talking at each other, not to one another."
- Refers to people in conversation who are focused more on what they will say next, instead of truly listening to the other person speak.
- Technocracy
- Technocracy is a hypothetical form of government in which engineers, scientists, health professionals and other technical experts are in control of decision making in their respective fields.
- Finnish - teknokratia
- ms around an area, often using conveyor belts, elevators, rollers, etc.
- Think tank
- Spanish - laboratorio de ideas.
- Tidal power
- Spanish - energía mareomotriz.
- Total city system
- Spanish - Sistema urbano integral.
- Transveyor (A mechanical system for moving people &/or other items around an area, often using conveyor belts, elevators, rollers, etc.)
- Spanish -
- Undermine
- Spanish - minar, socavar, debilitar.
- Understandings
- Spanish - nociones (entendimientos no significa 'understandings)'.
- Unfortunately
- Spanish - lamentablemente
- Vested Interest
- Waste
- Spanish - residuos
- Wave power
- Spanish - energía undimotriz.
- Witholding
- This one depends on the context in which it's used
- When referring to products, ideas & resources
- Holding back, reserving, keeping from the public
- When used to denote payment of money
- The taxes (money) automatically deducted from a person's paycheck before they receive it
- This one depends on the context in which it's used
This is a phrase from Social Pathology that really had us stuck in spanish. (minute 4.45) "How much of you is you?" "The answer of course is a paradox, because either everything is me, or nothing is me when it comes to the information I understand and act upon." People wanted to translate it as "Either I am everything, or I am nothing". This is Peters answer when I consulted him: Okay: "How much of you is you?" can be restated as: "Are your understandings your own or are they imposed by education?" As far as "The answer of course is a paradox, because either everything is me, or nothing is me when it comes to the information I understand and act upon." - can be restated as: "The answer can seem like a contradiction, for either I create all my perspectives or all my perspectives are created for me" The comment borders on poetry so be careful of being too literal. The point being made is that we are programmed by the environment, but we are also active with it- meaning we have a causal influence as well. Another way to look at it is that we are "points of motion" and there is nothing static- it is continuous. So - information comes into us from the external - and our conditioned (novel) internal system translates it - and it goes back out into the external... so it is a fluid motion transfer. In other words, there is no separation of flow. I hope that helps.